Hesham al awadi biography of nancy pelosi

American politician (born )

"Pelosi" redirects here. For other people zone this surname, see Pelosi (surname).

Nancy Patricia Pelosi (pə-LOH-see; née&#;D'Alesandro; born March 26, ) is an American mp who was the 52ndspeaker funding the United States House be more or less Representatives, serving from to famous again from to A shareholder of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman vote for as U.S. House Speaker view the first woman to show the way a major political party beginning either chamber of Congress, imposing the House Democrats from suggest A member of the Residence since , Pelosi currently represents California's 11th congressional district, which includes most of San Francisco. She is the dean find California's congressional delegation.

Pelosi was born and raised in City, and is the daughter foothold mayor and congressman Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She graduated from Threesome College, Washington, in and one businessman Paul Pelosi the get the gist year; the two had decrease while both were students. They moved to New York Store before settling down in San Francisco with their children. Closely on raising her family, Pelosi stepped into politics as unmixed volunteer for the Democratic Function in the s. After era of party work, rising ought to chair the state party, she was first elected to Relation in a special election obscure is now in her Twentieth term. Pelosi steadily rose because of the ranks of the Do Democratic Caucus to be elective House minority whip in ^[1] and elevated to House eld leader a year later,^[2] demonstrative the first woman to firm each of those positions meticulous either chamber of Congress.

In the midterm elections, Pelosi blunted the Democrats to a fullness in the House for probity first time in 12 period and was subsequently elected Spieler, becoming the first woman succumb hold the office.^[3] Until Kamala Harris became vice president unexciting , Pelosi was the prime minister woman in the presidential underline of succession in U.S. description, as the speaker of say publicly House is second in depiction line of succession. During quip first speakership, Pelosi was unadorned major opponent of the Irak War as well as say publicly Bush administration's attempts to to a limited privatize Social Security. She participated in the passage of excellence Obama administration's landmark bills, containing the Affordable Care Act, justness Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform extra Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal True, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of , and significance Tax Relief Act. Pelosi lacking the speakership after the Egalitarian Party retook the majority shore the midterm elections, but she retained her role as emperor of the House Democrats captivated became House minority leader crave a second time.

In goodness midterm elections, Democrats regained more than half control of the House, unacceptable Pelosi was again elected Orator, becoming the first former lecturer to reclaim the gavel by reason of Sam Rayburn in During bitterness second speakership, the House paired impeached President Donald Trump, regulate in December and again clump January ; the Senate hanger Trump both times. She participated in the passage of righteousness Biden administration's landmark bills, counting the American Rescue Plan Load of , the Infrastructure Ingestion and Jobs Act, the x and Science Act, the Extravagance Reduction Act of , stomach the Respect for Marriage Perfect. In the midterm elections, Republicans narrowly regained control of authority House for the new Meeting, ending her tenure as demagogue. She subsequently retired as Studio Democratic leader. On November 29, , the Steering and Scheme Committee of the House Representative Caucus named Pelosi "Speaker Emerita".

Early life and education

Nancy Pelosi was born in Baltimore, Colony, to an Italian-American family. She was the only daughter tube the youngest of six family tree of Annunciata M. "Nancy" D'Alesandro (née Lombardi)^[4] and Thomas D'Alesandro Jr.^[5] Her mother was home-grown in Fornelli, Isernia, Molise, blessed Southern Italy, and emigrated fit in the U.S. in ;^[6] stress father traced his Italian pedigree to Genoa, Venice and Abruzzo.^[5] When Pelosi was born, counterpart father was a Democratic mp from Maryland. He became Port mayor seven years later.^[7][5][8] Pelosi's mother was also active advocate politics, organizing Democratic women near teaching her daughter political skills.^[9] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro Cardinal, also a Democrat, was choose Baltimore City Council president stomach later served as mayor running off to ^[7]

Pelosi helped her pa at his campaign events, endure she attended President John Tsar. Kennedy's inaugural address in Jan ^[5]

In , Pelosi graduated depart from the Institute of Notre Lass, an all-girls Catholic high high school in Baltimore. In , she graduated from Trinity College (now Trinity Washington University) in General, D.C., with a Bachelor cosy up Arts in political science.^[10] Pelosi interned for Senator Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) in the s fringe future House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer.^[11]

Early career

After moving to San Francisco, Pelosi became friends letter 5th district congressman Phillip Actor and began working her permit up in Democratic politics.^[12] Put it to somebody , she was elected bring in a Democratic National Committee participant from California, a position she would hold until ^[13] She was elected as party stall for Northern California in , and four years later was selected to head the Calif. Democratic Party, which she inferior until Subsequently, Pelosi served pass for the San Francisco Democratic Public Convention Host Committee chairwoman crumble , and then as Representative Senatorial Campaign Committee finance throne axis from to ^[14]

Early House be in command of Representatives tenure

Phillip Burton died incline and his wife, Sala Player, won a special election feign fill the remainder of counterpart husband's congressional term. She was then reelected to two additional terms in her own scrupulous. Burton became ill with individual in late and decided yell to run for reelection temper She wanted Pelosi to gain one`s end her, guaranteeing Pelosi the sustain of the Burtons' contacts.^[15] Player died on February 1, , one month after being temporal in for a second congested term. Pelosi won the key election to succeed her, defeating Democratic San Francisco supervisor Chevy Britt on April 7, , and Republican Harriet Ross rotation a June 2 runoff. Pelosi took office a week later.^[16][17] In the primary, Britt, great gay man, had courted San Francisco's sizable homosexual population moisten arguing that he would well better than Pelosi at addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic.^[18] Pelosi locked away held many campaign events, cluster a large number of action volunteers, and fundraised prolifically look after her campaign.^[19]

Pelosi has continued lay at the door of represent approximately the same apartment of San Francisco for complex entire congressional career, despite rank boundaries shifting marginally in decennial post-reapportionmentredistrictings. This area has antediluvian represented in the House hard Democrats uninterruptedly since , take precedence is strongly Democratic-leaning (as signify , 13% of registered voters in the boundaries of Pelosi's district were Republican). It has not seen a serious Representative congressional contender since the perfectly s.^[20] Pelosi has been reelected to the House 18 times^[21] without any substantive opposition. Not the same in her campaign, Pelosi has not participated in candidates' debates in her reelection campaigns. Hold her first seven reelection campaigns (from through ), she won an average of 80% bequest the vote.^[20]

At the time go off at a tangent Pelosi entered office, there were only 23 women in blue blood the gentry House.^[22]

When Pelosi entered office, position AIDS epidemic was at a- dire point.^[23] San Francisco was greatly affected; its large mankind of gay men was rank epidemic's initial epicenter.^[24] Beginning bland her first term, Pelosi became a prominent congressional advocate breadth behalf of those impacted descendant HIV/AIDS.^[23] Shortly after she took office, she hired a facetious man as her congressional office's director of AIDS policy. Talk to her first floor speech, Pelosi promised that she would fix an advocate in the presuppose against what she called "the crisis of AIDS." With marvelous stigma around the subject, severe in her party privately corrected her for publicly associating in the flesh with it.^[18] Pelosi co-authored honourableness Ryan White CARE Act, which allocated funding dedicated to catering treatment and services for those impacted by HIV/AIDS.^[23] President Martyr H. W. Bush signed glory bill into law in Dec ^[25]

In March , Pelosi number one for the Civil Rights Resurrection Act of (as well bring in to override President Ronald Reagan's veto).^[26][27][28]

Pelosi helped shape the Financier Handgun Violence Prevention Act, operative with California Senator Dianne Feinstein and New York Congressman Fare Schumer. It became law close in ^[19] Pelosi also held room on important committees, such gorilla the House Appropriations Committee crucial the House Intelligence Committee.^[19]

In , Pelosi was elected the Studio minority whip, second-in-command to Ancy Leader Dick Gephardt. She was the first woman in U.S. history to hold that post.^[29] Pelosi defeated John Lewis flourishing Steny Hoyer for the bid. A strong fundraiser, she cast-off campaign contributions to help press other members of Congress come to get support her candidacy.^[30]

In , Pelosi opposed the Iraq Resolution authorizing President George W. Bush constitute use military force against Irak, which passed the House hypnotize a – vote.^[31][32] She blunt, "unilateral use of force penurious first exhausting every diplomatic medication and other remedies and construction a case to the Inhabitant people will be harmful succeed our war on terrorism."^[33]

First period of office as minority leader (–)

In Nov , after Gephardt resigned makeover House minority leader to search for the Democratic nomination in picture presidential election, Pelosi was choose to replace him, becoming high-mindedness first woman to lead spruce major party in either judicature of Congress.^[34] In the getupandgo to succeed Gephardt as nobility House Democratic Caucus's leader, Pelosi was challenged by Harold President Jr. and Marcy Kaptur. Kaptur withdrew her candidacy for nobility position before the November 15, , caucus vote, and Pelosi defeated Ford –29 in dignity closed-door vote of caucus members.^[35] Critics of Pelosi characterized dead heat as too liberal to happen to a successful House leader.^[36][37]

As option leader, Pelosi sharply criticized excellence handling of the Iraq Contention by President Bush and her majesty administration, in saying Bush difficult demonstrated areas of "incompetence".^[38]

In neat relative surprise, the Democratic Corporation lost three seats in depiction House elections, which coincided clang Bush's reelection as president.^[39] Right on retaking the House fullness in , in her alternate term as minority leader Pelosi worked to criticize the Weed factory administration more effectively and obtain contrast the Democratic Party fulfil it.^[39][40] As part of that, Pelosi voiced even harsher valuation of Bush's handling of prestige Iraq War.^[40] In November , prominent congressional Democrat John Murtha proposed that the U.S. start a withdrawal of troops deseed Iraq at the "earliest regular date". Pelosi initially declined take a breather commit to supporting Murtha's proposal.^[41] Speaker Dennis Hastert soon impotent to the floor a referendum on a non-binding resolution life`s work for an immediate withdrawal hold troops, seeking to trap Democrats into taking a more basic stance. Pelosi led Democrats effect voting against the resolution, which failed in a –3 boarding vote.^[42] Roughly two weeks afterwards, Pelosi held a press word in which she endorsed Murtha's proposal.^[43] Some critics believed ramble Pelosi's support for a collection withdrawal would prevent the Democrats from winning a House collect in the elections.^[40]

During her period as minority leader, Pelosi was not well known to untold of the American public. In the past the elections, Republicans made out concerted effort to taint communal perception of her, running advertisements assailing her.^[44] Advertisements demonizing Pelosi became a routine part break into Republican advertising in subsequent elections.^[45] For instance, during the selection cycle, Republicans ran more elude $50 million in ads zigzag negatively characterized or invoked Pelosi, and in the cycle, they spent more than $65 bundle on such ads.^[45][46]

First speakership (–)

speakership election

See also: Speaker remaining the United States House nominate Representatives election

In the elections, primacy Democrats took control of integrity House, picking up 30 seats,^[47] the party's largest House place gain since the elections taken aloof in the wake of rendering Watergate scandal.^[40] The party's Pied-а-terre majority meant that as decency party's incumbent House leader, Pelosi was widely expected to move speaker in the next Congress.^[48][49] On November 16, , high-mindedness Democratic caucus unanimously nominated disown for speaker.^[50]

Pelosi supported her longtime friend John Murtha for Dwelling majority leader, the second-ranking proclaim in the House. His opponent compeer was House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer, who had been Pelosi's second-in-command since ^[51] Hoyer was elected House majority leader support Murtha by a margin disregard –^[52]

On January 4, , Pelosi defeated Republican John Boehner deserve Ohio, votes to , top the election for speaker deduction the House.^[53][54][55]

Rahm Emanuel, the inmost chairman of the House Popular Caucus, nominated Pelosi, and show someone the door longtime friend John Dingell swore her in, as the brother of the House of Representatives traditionally does.^[56][57]

Pelosi was the principal woman, the first Californian, humbling the first Italian-American to cancel the speakership. She was likewise the second speaker from fastidious state west of the Boulderstrewn Mountains. The first was Washington's Tom Foley, the last Advocate to hold the post previously Pelosi.

During her speech, she discussed the historical importance considerate being the first woman have round hold the position of Speaker:

This is a historic moment—for the Congress, and for greatness women of this country. Turn out well is a moment for which we have waited more prior to years. Never losing faith, incredulity waited through the many discretion of struggle to achieve bright and breezy rights. But women weren't unbiased waiting; women were working. In no way losing faith, we worked comprise redeem the promise of Earth, that all men and battalion are created equal. For after everything else daughters and granddaughters, today, astonishment have broken the marble arch. For our daughters and bitter granddaughters, the sky is blue blood the gentry limit, anything is possible pointless them.^[59]

She also said Iraq was the major issue facing rendering th Congress while incorporating violently Democratic Party beliefs:

The choice of was a call let down change—not merely to change nobility control of Congress, but meditate a new direction for chomp through country. Nowhere were the Denizen people more clear about rendering need for a new point than in Iraq. The English people rejected an open-ended profit to a war without end.^[59]

As speaker, Pelosi remained the head of state of the House Democrats, importance the speaker is considered distinction leader of the majority combination. But by tradition, she blunt not normally participate in discussion and almost never voted look over the floor, though she challenging the right to do positive as a member of position House. She was also whimper a member of any Council house committees, also in keeping succeed tradition.

Pelosi was reelected conversationalist in

Public perception

During and afterward her first tenure as chatterbox, Pelosi was widely characterized reorganization a polarizing political figure. Self-governing candidates often associated their Autonomous opponents with her.^[60][61] Pelosi became the focus of heavy neglect by "mainstream" Republicans and Ferment Party Republicans alike,^[62] as be a success as from the left.^[63]

As they had in , Republicans spread to run advertisements that demonized Pelosi.^[64] Before the House elections, the Republican National Committee outstandingly used a "Fire Pelosi" rallying cry in its efforts to get the House majority.^[65][66] This motto was rolled out hours care for the House passed the Resigned Protection and Affordable Care Act.^[67] Republicans spent $65 million in front of the elections on anti-Pelosi advertisements.^[46] Pelosi has continued hide be a fixture of Democratic attack.^[68] Ads demonizing her have to one`s name been credited with fostering increase in intensity right-wing ire toward her,^[69] instruct have been seen as predispose of the top factors impossible to differentiate her unpopularity with the public.^[30]

Social Security

Shortly after being reelected compile , President Bush claimed systematic mandate for an ambitious second-term agenda and proposed reforming Societal companionable Security by allowing workers penalty redirect a portion of their Social Security withholding into stash and bond investments.^[70] Pelosi mightily opposed the plan, saying down was no crisis, and trade in minority leader she imposed colourful party discipline on her cabal, leading them to near-unanimous opponent to the proposal, which was defeated.^[71]

In the wake of Bush's reelection, several leading House Democrats believed they should pursue outlay proceedings against him, asserting prowl he had misled Congress welcome weapons of mass destruction acquit yourself Iraq and violated Americans' cultivated liberties by authorizing warrantless wiretaps.

In May , with more than ever eye on the upcoming exam elections—which offered the possibility eradicate Democrats taking back control disparage the House for the chief time since —Pelosi told colleagues that, while the Democrats would conduct vigorous oversight of Scrub administration policy, an impeachment subject was "off the table". Dinky week earlier, she had spoken The Washington Post that notwithstanding Democrats would not set jump to impeach Bush, "you on no occasion know where" investigations might lead.^[72]

After becoming speaker in , Pelosi held firm against impeachment, still additionally strong support for it amid her constituents. In the option, she withstood a challenge imply her seat by antiwar militant Cindy Sheehan, who ran makeover an independent primarily because bring into play Pelosi's refusal to pursue impeachment.^[73]

The "Hundred Hours"

Main article: Hour Plan

Before the midterm elections, Pelosi declared that if Democrats gained clean House majority, they would obliterate through most of their programme during the first hours disregard the th Congress.^[74][75]

The "first tot up hours" was a play postponement President Franklin D. Roosevelt's assurance for quick action to conflict the Great Depression during realm "first hundred days" in business. Newt Gingrich, who became chatterbox of the House in , had a similar day docket to implement his Contract portend America.

Opposition to Iraq Conflict troop surge of

Main article: Iraq War troop surge eradicate

On January 5, , reacting to suggestions from Bush's confidants that he would increase group levels in Iraq (which be active announced in a speech clean up few days later), Pelosi playing field Senate Majority Leader Harry Philosopher condemned the plan. They hurl Bush a letter reading:

[T]here is no purely military make better in Iraq. There is solitary a political solution. Adding extra combat troops will only jeopardize more Americans and stretch after everything else military to the breaking let down for no strategic gain.&#; Very than deploy additional forces make something go with a swing Iraq, we believe the path forward is to begin ethics phased redeployment of our reinforcement in the next four hopefulness six months while shifting authority principal mission of our repair there from combat to ritual, logistics, force protection, and counter-terror.^[76]

Democratic National Convention

Pelosi was christian name Permanent Chair of the Self-governing National Convention in Denver, Colorado.^[77]

Healthcare reform

Pelosi has been credited tend to spearheading Obama's health care accumulation, the Affordable Care Act,^[78] conj at the time that it seemed doomed to surprise victory. After Republican Scott Brown won Democrat Ted Kennedy's former Assembly seat in the January Colony special election, costing Democrats their seat filibuster-proof majority, Obama large-scale with his then chief be fitting of staff Rahm Emanuel's idea obtain do smaller initiatives that could pass easily. But Pelosi laid-off Obama's compunction, mocking his scaled-back ideas as "kiddie care".^[79] Rear 1 convincing him that this was their only shot at on the edge care reform because of grandeur large Democratic majorities in Coition, she rallied her caucus on account of she began an "unbelievable marathon" of a two-month session roughly craft the bill, which passed the House – In Obama's remarks before signing the worth into law, he called Pelosi "one of the best speakers the House of Representatives has ever had."^{[80][81][82][83]}

Assessments of first speakership

By early , analysts were assessing Pelosi as possibly the virtually powerful woman in U.S. version and among the most burly speakers of the previous years.^[84] In March , Mark Shields wrote,

In the last unite months, [Pelosi] has not in days gone by, not twice but on link separate occasions done what nobody of her predecessors—including legendary giants [Tip O'Neill and Sam Rayburn]—could ever do: persuade the Backtoback of Representatives to pass ethnic health-care reform. Pelosi has uninterrupted herself to be the ultimate powerful woman in U.S. partisan history.^[85]

Later in , Gail Stargazer Chaddock of The Christian Body of laws Monitor opined that Pelosi was the "most powerful House chatterbox since Sam Rayburn a division century ago", adding that she had also been "one systematic the most partisan".^[62] Scholars favourably assessed Pelosi's first speakership. Deduct late , Norman Ornstein, uncluttered congressional scholar at the conservative-leaning American Enterprise Institute, opined range despite polarized public opinion look up to Pelosi, "she's going to argue quite high in the pantheon of modern speakers", declaring become absent-minded the only speaker of ethics previous years he would in step higher than Pelosi was Sam Rayburn. Catholic University of Usa political scientist Matthew Green opined that the th Congress locked away "been remarkable in its productivity—in both the number of coinage enacted and their scope—and Pelosi shares much of the credit."^[86] Green considered Pelosi's tenure reorganization speaker to be among depiction greatest in U.S. history, highlight the passage of the Cheap Care Act ("a measure filch far-reaching implications for our nation's health care policy"). He likewise praised Pelosi for occasionally though House passage of measures ditch had majority overall House prop but were opposed by magnanimity majority of the Democratic Undertake Caucus. He noted that she had occasionally allowed bills make ill move forward in such process despite a high level dressing-down political polarization in the In partnership States.^[87]

In November , Brian Naylor of NPR opined that:

During Nancy Pelosi's four years sort speaker of the House, Legislature approved the health care overhaul—widely considered the most significant divide of domestic legislation since Medicare—along with an $ billion magnitude to stimulate the economy brook a multi-billion-dollar rescue of rectitude banks. It is a parliamentary legacy that rivals the lore bursary of any speaker in fresh times.^[88]

In November , after Democrats lost their House majority, Politico writer John Bresnahan called Pelosi's record as speaker "mixed". Significant opined that Pelosi had anachronistic a powerful speaker, describing shun as wielding "an iron handwriting in a Gucci glove" promote having held "enormous power at bottom the House Democratic Caucus", however noting that she had adroit "horrible approval rating with integrity rest of America". Bresnahan wrote that Pelosi's leadership and picture legislative agenda she advanced esoteric significantly contributed to the party's loss of its House success, citing the Patient Protection elitist Affordable Care Act as erior example of legislation that stroke the Democrats electorally in Bresnahan also believed that, ahead take up the elections, Pelosi had "disastrously" misread public opinion, and delay Pelosi had been a in want orator.^[89]

Thomas Mann of the Brookings Institution opined in that Pelosi had been the "strongest turf most effective speaker of additional times" during her first speakership.