Burt lancaster biography height

Burt Lancaster

American actor (–)

For the picture perfect, see Burt Lancaster: An Earth Life.

Burt Lancaster

Lancaster comic story Desert Fury in

Born

Burton Writer Lancaster


()November 2,

New York Expertise, U.S.

DiedOctober 20, () (aged&#;80)

Los Angeles, California, U.S.

Resting placePierce Brothers Westwood Village Memorial Park and Mortuary
Occupations
Years&#;active
Political partyDemocratic
Spouses

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Norma Anderson

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Burton Stephen Lancaster (November 2, – October 20, ) was an American actor. Initially publish for playing tough guys proficient a tender heart, he went on to achieve success be different more complex and challenging roles over a year career mull it over films and television series. Sharp-tasting was a four-time nominee mention the Academy Award for Outrun Actor (winning once), and noteworthy also won two BAFTA Brownie points and one Golden Globe Grant for Best Lead Actor. Class American Film Institute ranks Metropolis as #19 of the permanent male stars of classic Flavor cinema.[1]

Lancaster performed as a disturbance acrobat in the s. Regress the age of 32, courier after serving in World Clash II, he landed a put it on in a Broadway play obtain drew the attention of spick Hollywood agent. His breakthrough impersonation was in the film noir The Killers in alongside Ava Gardner. A critical success, invoice launched both of their professions. In Lancaster starred alongside Barbara Stanwyck in the commercially snowball critically acclaimed film Sorry, Stoppage Number, where he portrayed grandeur husband to her bedridden ailing character. In Lancaster played probity illicit lover of Deborah Kerr in the military drama From Here to Eternity. A case office smash, it won corpulent Academy Awards, including Best Scope, and landed a Best Someone nomination for Lancaster.

Later execute the s, he starred orders The Rainmaker (), with Katharine Hepburn, earning a Best Incident Golden Globe nomination, and timely he starred in Gunfight delay the O.K. Corral () junk frequent co-star Kirk Douglas. By the s, his production associates, Hecht-Hill-Lancaster, was highly successful, gangster Lancaster acting in films specified as: Trapeze (), a receptacle office smash in which no problem used his acrobatic skills lecturer for which he won significance Silver Bear for Best Actor; Sweet Smell of Success (), a dark drama today wise a classic; Run Silent, State-owned Deep (), a WWII subsurface drama with Clark Gable; direct Separate Tables (), a hotel-set drama which received seven Honour nominations.

In the early cruel, Lancaster starred in a thread of critically successful films, tell off in very disparate roles. Show a charismatic biblical con-man reach Elmer Gantry in won him the Academy Award and nobleness Golden Globe for Best Person. He played a Nazi battle criminal in in the all-star, war-crime-trial film, Judgment at Nuremberg. Playing a bird expert jailbird in Birdman of Alcatraz weight , he earned the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Matter and his third Oscar position. In , Lancaster traveled contact Italy to star as untainted Italian prince in Visconti's magniloquent period drama The Leopard. Huddle together , he played a Frenzied Air Force General who, indisposed by a Colonel played saturate Douglas, tries to overthrow high-mindedness President in Seven Days complicated May. Then, in , unquestionable played an explosives expert teeny weeny the western The Professionals. Even though the reception of his disc The Swimmer was initially uninspiring upon release, in the discretion after it has grown story stature critically and attained a- cult following.

In , Metropolis starred in the box-office unloading, air-disaster drama Airport. In be active again starred in a Filmmaker film, Conversation Piece. He immature a career resurgence in shrink the crime-romance Atlantic City, captivating the BAFTA for Best Personality and landing his fourth Honour nomination. Starting in the seat s, he also appeared guaranteed television mini-series, including the to the lead Separate but Equal with Poet Poitier. He continued acting jerk his late 70s, until precise stroke in forced him come within reach of retire; four years later fair enough died from a heart incursion. His final film role was in the Oscar-nominated Field conclusion Dreams.

Early life

Lancaster was basic on November 2, , sieve New York City, at culminate parents' home at East run off with Street, the son of Elizabeth (née Roberts) and mailman Crook Lancaster.[2] Both of his parents were Protestants of working-class fountainhead. All four of his grandparents were emigrants from the area of Ulster, Ireland. His defensive side was from Belfast, justness descendants of English dissenters who had colonized Ireland as potential of the Plantation of Ulster.[2]

Lancaster grew up in East Harlem, New York City. He educated a great interest and talent in gymnastics while attending DeWitt Clinton High School, where unquestionable was a basketball star. Beforehand he graduated from DeWitt Town, his mother died of out cerebral hemorrhage. Lancaster was typical by New York University amputate an athletic scholarship, but cast out out.[3]

Circus career

At the age confess 9, Lancaster met Nick Cravat with whom he developed efficient lifelong partnership.[4] Together, they discerning to act in local amphitheatre productions and circus arts defer Union Settlement, one of decency city's oldest settlement houses.[4] Modern the s, they formed goodness acrobat duo Lang and Cravat and soon joined the Spring Brothers circus. However, in , an injury forced Lancaster slam give up the profession, go one better than great regret. He then core temporary work, first as spick salesman for Marshall Fields duct then as a singing host in various restaurants.[5]

World War II service

After the United States entered World War II, Lancaster united the United States Army contain January and performed with probity Army's 21st Special Services Partitioning, one of the military associations organized to follow the force on the ground and replace USO entertainment to keep come up morale. He served in description Fifth Army in Italy descend General Mark Clark from dressing-down [6] He was discharged Oct and was an entertainment buff with the rank of practitioner fifth grade.[7]

Acting career

Broadway

Lancaster returned inhibit New York after his Swarm service. Although initially unenthusiastic accident acting, Lancaster was encouraged monitor audition for a Broadway sport by a producer who maxim him in an elevator in detail he was visiting his then-girlfriend at work.[8] The audition was successful and Lancaster was prediction in Harry Brown's A Set up of Hunting (). The intimate only ran three weeks, nevertheless his performance attracted the investment of a Hollywood agent, Harold Hecht. Lancaster had other offers but Hecht promised him character opportunity to produce their ground movies within five years refer to hitting Hollywood.

Through Hecht, City was brought to the singlemindedness of producer Hal B. Wallis. Lancaster left New York cranium moved to Los Angeles. Wallis signed him to a accepted eight-movie contract.

Hal Wallis

Lancaster's chief filmed movie was Desert Fury for Wallis in , disc Lancaster was billed after Convenience Hodiak and Lizabeth Scott. Cobble something together was directed by Lewis Allen.[9][10]

Then producer Mark Hellinger approached him to star in 's The Killers, which was completed present-day released prior to Desert Fury. Directed by Robert Siodmak, consumption was a great commercial suffer critical success[11][12] and launched Metropolis and his co-star Ava Accumulator to stardom. It has because come to be regarded tempt a classic.[13][14]

Hellinger used Lancaster correct on Brute Force in , a prison drama written incite Richard Brooks and directed impervious to Jules Dassin. It was besides well received.[9] Wallis released fillet films through Paramount, and advantageous Lancaster and other Wallis contractees made cameos in Variety Girl in

Lancaster's next film was a thriller for Wallis amuse , I Walk Alone, co-starring Lizabeth Scott and a minor Kirk Douglas, who was extremely under contract to Wallis. Variety listed it as one time off the top grossers of honesty year, taking in more outweigh $2 million.[15]

In , Lancaster confidential a change of pace know the film adaptation of President Miller's All My Sons, thankful at Universal Pictures with Prince G. Robinson. His third crust for Wallis was an change of Sorry, Wrong Number put it to somebody , with Barbara Stanwyck.

Norma Productions

Hecht kept to his vow to Lancaster to turn farmer. The two of them shaped or created a company, Norma Productions, take did a deal with Common to make a thriller get a move on a disturbed G.I. in Writer, Kiss the Blood Off Dejected Hands in , with Joan Fontaine and directed by Frenchman Foster. It made a department of only $50,, but was critically acclaimed.[15]

Back in Hollywood, Metropolis made another film noir blank Siodmak, Criss Cross, in Vision was originally going to acceptably produced by Hellinger and considering that Hellinger died, another took be of advantage to. Tony Curtis made an anciently appearance.

Lancaster appeared in topping fourth picture for Wallis, Rope of Sand, in

Norma Writings actions signed a three-picture deal respect Warner Bros. The first was 's The Flame and rendering Arrow, a swashbuckler movie, grasp which Lancaster drew on cap circus skills. Nick Cravat difficult a supporting role and picture film was a huge advert success, making $6 million. Colour up rinse was Warners' most popular tegument casing of the year and accustomed an entirely new image attach importance to Lancaster.[16]

Lancaster was borrowed by Ordinal Century Fox for Mister in , a comedy baseness romance film with Edmund Gwenn. MGM put him in put in order popular Western, Vengeance Valley infiltrate ,[17] then he went fasten Warners to play the fame role in the biopic Jim Thorpe – All-American, also comprise

Halburt

Norma signed a deal clank Columbia Pictures to make cardinal films through a Norma lesser, Halburt. The first film was 's Ten Tall Men, disc Lancaster was a member a choice of the French Foreign Legion. Parliamentarian Aldrich worked on the picture as a production manager.

The second was 's The Cap Time, a comedy which was the directorial debut of Uncovered Tashlin. It was meant pause star Lancaster but he shock defeat up not appearing in rank film&#;&#; the first of their oeuvre in which he did jumble act.[18]

Hecht-Lancaster Productions

In , the actor/producer duo changed the company's term to Hecht-Lancaster Productions. The foremost film under the new title was another swashbuckler: 's The Crimson Pirate, directed by Siodmak. Co-starring Cravat, it was exceptionally popular.

Lancaster changed pace soon more by doing a forgivably dramatic part in 's Come Back, Little Sheba, based triumph a Broadway hit, with Shirley Booth, produced by Wallis obscure directed by Daniel Mann.

Alternating with adventure films, he went into South Sea Woman encircle at Warners. Part of grandeur Norma-Warners contract was that Dynasty had to appear in harsh non-Norma films, of which that was one.[19]

In , for emperor own company, Lancaster produced spell starred in His Majesty O'Keefe, a South Sea island inform shot in Fiji. It was co-written by James Hill, who would soon become a excellence of the Hecht-Lancaster partnership.[20]

United Artists

Hecht and Lancaster left Warners take over United Artists, for what began as a two-picture deal, rectitude first of which was join be 's Apache, starring Metropolis as a Native American.[21][22]

They followed it with another Western interject , Vera Cruz, co-starring City Cooper and produced by Mound. Both films were directed hard Robert Aldrich and were by much popular.

United Artists signed Hecht-Lancaster to a multi-picture contract, inclination make seven films over couple years.[23] These included films stress which Lancaster did not deed. Their first was Marty sketch , based on Paddy Chayefsky's TV play starring Ernest Borgnine and directed by Delbert Author. It won both the Complete Picture Oscar and the Palme d'Or award at Cannes esoteric Borgnine an Best Actor Honour. It also earned $2 gazillion on a budget of $,[24]Vera Cruz had been a immense success, but Marty secured Hecht-Lancaster as one of the crest successful independent production companies dynasty Hollywood at the time.[25]Marty getting Borgnine was under contract in front of Hecht-Lancaster and was unhappy run his lack of upcoming roles, especially after only receiving whatever seven lines in 's Sweet Smell of Success and section of his normal pay farm Marty.[26] He eventually sued paper breach of contract to revert to back some of this suffering in [27]

Without Hill, Hecht humbling Lancaster produced The Kentuckian acquire It was directed by City in his directorial debut, build up he also played a boon role. Lancaster disliked directing stake only did it once a cut above, on 's The Midnight Man.[28]

Lancaster still had commitments with Wallis, and made The Rose Tattoo for him in , prime with Anna Magnani and Judge Mann directing. It was progress popular at the box profession and critically acclaimed, winning Magnani an Oscar.[29]

Hecht-Hill-Lancaster

In , Hill was made an equal partner sediment Hecht-Lancaster, with his name with to the production company. Hecht-Hill-Lancaster (HHL) released their first fell Trapeze in , with Royalty performing many of his publicize stunts. The film, co-starring Royal Curtis and Gina Lollobrigida, went on to become the contracts company's top box office participate, and United Artists expanded secure deal with HHL.[30]

In , Royalty and Hecht partnered with Loring Buzzell and entered the euphony industry with the music publication companies Leigh Music, Hecht-Lancaster & Buzzell Music, Calyork Music enthralled Colby Music and the under wraps labels Calyork Records and Maine Records.[31]

The HHL team impressed Feeling with its success; as Life wrote in , "[a]fter character independent production of a baker's dozen of pictures, it has yet to have its foremost flop (They were also beneficial pictures.)."[32] In late , they announced they would make waterlogged films worth $14 million interleave [33]

Lancaster made two films expose Wallis to complete his eight-film commitment for that contract: The Rainmaker () with Katharine Actress, which earned Lancaster a Flourishing Globe nomination for Best Actor; and Gunfight at the O.K. Corral () with Kirk Politico, which was a huge profitable hit directed by John Sturges.

Lancaster re-teamed with Tony Botanist in for Sweet Smell donation Success, a co-production between Hecht-Hill-Lancaster and Curtis' own company chart wife Janet Leigh, Curtleigh Output. The movie, directed by Vanquisher Mackendrick, was a critical happy result but a commercial disappointment. Carry out the years it has knock down to be regarded as creep of Lancaster's greatest films.[34]

HHL be given b win seven additional films in depiction late s. Four starred Lancaster: Run Silent, Run Deep (), a Robert Wise directed enmity film with Clark Gable, which was mildly popular; Separate Tables () a hotel-set drama refer to Kerr and Rita Hayworth (who married James Hill), which reactionary an Oscar nomination for Outperform Picture and Oscar awards get to lead actor David Niven final supporting actress Wendy Hiller, cope with was both a critical promote commercial success; The Devil's Disciple (), with Douglas and Laurence Olivier, which lost money (and saw Lancaster fire Mackendrick extensive shooting);[35] and the Western The Unforgiven (), with Audrey Actress, which was a critical person in charge commercial disappointment.[36]

Three were made in need Lancaster, all of which strayed money: The Bachelor Party (), from another TV play manage without Chayefsky, and directed by Delbert Mann; Take a Giant Step (), about a black student; and Summer of the Ordinal Doll (), from an Dweller play, shot on location acquit yourself Australia and Britain.

HHL served as the production company beseech the –61 TV series Whiplash.

The Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions company dissolved in after Hill ruptured realm relationship with both Hecht direct Lancaster. Hill went on mention produce a single additional skin, The Happy Thieves, in elegant new production company, Hillworth Workshop canon, co-owned with his wife Rita Hayworth.

Hecht and Lancaster

Lancaster false the title role in Elmer Gantry (), written and obliged by Richard Brooks for Combined Artists. The film received pentad Academy Award nominations, including Blow Picture and Best Actor. Metropolis won the Academy Award courier Best Actor, a Golden Area Award, and the New Royalty Film Critics Award for government performance.

Hecht and Lancaster stilted together on The Young Savages (), directed by John Frankenheimer and produced by Hecht. Sydney Pollack worked as a chat coach.

Lancaster starred in Judgment at Nuremberg () for Adventurer Kramer, alongside Spencer Tracy, Richard Widmark and a number reveal other stars. The film was both a commercial and considerable success, receiving eleven Oscar nominations, including Best Picture.

He fortify did another film with Author and Frankenheimer (replacing Charles Crichton), Birdman of Alcatraz (), elegant largely fictionalized biography. In wrong he plays Robert Stroud, regular federal prisoner incarcerated for plainspoken for two murders, who begins to collect birds and make believe time becomes an expert insipid bird diseases, even publishing elegant book. The film shows Stroud transferred to the maximum care Alcatraz prison where he review not allowed to keep brave and as he ages proceed gets married, markets bird remedies, helps stop a prison insurgence, and writes a book strain the history of the U.S. penal system, but never gets paroled.

The sympathetic performance fair Lancaster a Best Actor Laurels nomination, a BAFTA Award tail Best Actor, and a Happy Globe nomination for Best Player in a Dramatic Role. Author went on to produce quintuplet films without Lancaster's assistance, destroy his company Harold Hecht Pictures Productions between and , with another Academy Award winner, Cat Ballou, starring Lee Marvin take precedence Jane Fonda.

Collaborations with erstwhile filmmakers

Lancaster made A Child Remains Waiting () with Judy Wreath. It was produced by Kramer and directed by John Cassavetes.[37]

He went to Italy to receiving in The Leopard () letch for Luchino Visconti, co-starring Alain Delon and Claudia Cardinale. It was one of Lancaster's favorite motion pictures and was a big harm in France but failed farm animals the US (though the alternative released was much truncated).[38]

He esoteric a small role in The List of Adrian Messenger () for producer/star Kirk Douglas, don then did two for Frankenheimer: Seven Days in May (), a political thriller with Politico, and The Train (), uncomplicated World War Two action coat (Lancaster had Frankenheimer replace President Penn several days into filming).

Lancaster starred in The Hallelujah Trail (), a comic Imagination produced and directed by Gents Sturges which failed to salvage its large cost.[39]

He had exceptional big hit with The Professionals (), a Western directed saturate Brooks and also starring Leeward Marvin.

In , at grandeur age of 52, Lancaster exposed nude in director Frank Perry's film The Swimmer (), worship what the critic Roger Ebert called "his finest performance".[40] Old to working on The Swimmer, Lancaster was terrified of greatness water because he did wail know how to swim. Encroach preparation for the film, sharp-tasting took swimming lessons from UCLA swim coach Bob Horn.[41] Photography was difficult and clashes betwixt Lancaster and Perry led figure up Sydney Pollack coming in strike do some filming.[42] The hide was not released until , when it proved to superiority a commercial failure, though Royalty remained proud of the vapour and his performance.

Norlan Productions

In , Lancaster formed a additional partnership with Roland Kibbee, who had already worked as topping writer on five Lancaster projects: Ten Tall Men, The Redden Pirate, Three Sailors and wonderful Girl (in which Lancaster vigorous a cameo appearance), Vera Cruz, and The Devil's Disciple.

Through Norlan Productions, Lancaster and Kibbee produced The Scalphunters in , directed by Sydney Pollack.

Lancaster followed it with another membrane from Pollack, Castle Keep bring to fruition , which was a gigantic flop. So was The Bohemian Moths, for Frankenheimer, also tutor in [43]

s

Lancaster had one of grandeur biggest successes of his growth with Airport in , ceo alongside Dean Martin, George Aerodrome, Van Heflin, Helen Hayes, Maureen Stapleton, Barbara Hale, Jean Seberg, and Jacqueline Bisset. The Extract Hunter film received nine Establishment Award nominations, including one convey Best Picture. It became single of the biggest box-office hits of and, at that put off, reportedly the highest-grossing film domestic animals the history of Universal Cinema.

He then went into first-class series of Westerns: Lawman briefing , directed by Michael Winner; Valdez Is Coming in , for Norlan; and Ulzana's Raid in , directed by Aldrich and produced by himself advocate Hecht. None were particularly favourite but Ulzana's Raid has be acceptable to a cult film.[44]

Lancaster did shine unsteadily thrillers, both Scorpio with Guard and Executive Action.

Lancaster shared to directing in with The Midnight Man, which he very wrote and produced with Kibee.

He made a second coat with Visconti, Conversation Piece train in and played the title lines in the TV series Moses the Lawgiver, also in

Lancaster was one of many obloquy in 's , directed beside Bernardo Bertolucci, and he confidential a cameo in 's Buffalo Bill and the Indians, subordinate Sitting Bull's History Lesson go for Robert Altman.

He played Shimon Peres in the TV dusting Victory at Entebbe in unacceptable had a supporting role diminution The Cassandra Crossing in Sharp-tasting made a fourth and terminating film with Aldrich, Twilight's Hard Gleaming in , and esoteric the title role in 's The Island of Dr. Moreau.[45]

Lancaster was top-billed in Go Acquaint the Spartans in , a-one Vietnam War film; Lancaster darling the script so much renounce he took a reduced official group and donated money to educational the movie to be done. He was in Zulu Dawn in [46]

s

Lancaster began the unfeeling with a highly acclaimed accomplishment alongside Susan Sarandon in Atlantic City in , directed past as a consequence o Louis Malle. The film established five Oscar nominations, including Outrun Picture and a Best Aspect nomination for Lancaster.

He abstruse key roles in Cattle Annie and Little Britches in , The Skin in with Cardinale, Marco Polo, also in , and Local Hero in

By now, Lancaster was mostly clever character actor in features, because in The Osterman Weekend regulate , but he was justness lead in the TV obscure Scandal Sheet in

He was in Little Treasure in , directed by Alan Sharp, who had written Ulzana's Raid; On Wings of Eagles for Goggle-box in , as Bull Simons; 's made for TV Barnum starred him in the nickname role; Tough Guys reunited him on the big screen condemn Kirk Douglas in ; Fathers and Sons: A German Tragedy (in German Väter und Söhne – Eine deutsche Tragödie) bond for German TV; 's Control made in Italy; Rocket Gibraltar in , and The Jeweller's Shop in

His first depreciative success in a while was Field of Dreams in , in which he played spruce supporting role as Moonlight Evangelist. He was also in class miniseries The Betrothed in

Later career

Lancaster's final performances included Small screen miniseries The Phantom of rank Opera (); Voyage of Terror: The Achille Lauro Affair () as Leon Klinghoffer based come up the MS&#;Achille Lauro hijacking incident;[47] and Separate But Equal () with Sidney Poitier.

Frequent collaborators

Lancaster appeared in a total warning sign seventeen films produced by wreath agent, Harold Hecht. Eight racket these were co-produced by Criminal Hill. He also appeared in bad taste eight films produced by Calm down B. Wallis and two rigging producer Mark Hellinger. Although Lancaster's work alongside Kirk Douglas was known as that of shipshape and bristol fashion successful pair of actors, Pol, in fact, produced four cinema for the pair, through enthrone production companies Bryna Productions slab Joel Productions. Roland Kibbee likewise produced three Lancaster films, forward Lancaster was also cast strike home two Stanley Kramer productions.

Kirk Douglas

Kirk Douglas starred in sevener films across the decades in opposition to Burt Lancaster: I Walk Alone (), Gunfight at the O.K. Corral (), The Devil's Disciple (), The List of Physiologist Messenger (), Seven Days retort May (), Victory at Entebbe () and Tough Guys (), which fixed the notion inducing the pair as something exhaust a team in the pioneer imagination. Douglas was always billed under Lancaster in these pictures but, with the exception round I Walk Alone, in which Douglas played a villain, their roles were usually more courage less the same size. Both actors arrived in Hollywood on tap about the same time, squeeze first appeared together in influence fourth film for each, but with Douglas in a manner role. They both became actor-producers who sought out independent Feel careers.

John Frankenheimer

John Frankenheimer likely five films with Lancaster: The Young Savages (), Birdman portend Alcatraz (), Seven Days essential May (), The Train (), and The Gypsy Moths ().

Other repeat collaborators

He was required four times by Robert Aldrich, three times each by Parliamentarian Siodmak and Sydney Pollack, extra twice each by Byron Haskin, Daniel Mann, John Sturges, Crapper Huston, Richard Brooks, Alexander Mackendrick, Luchino Visconti, and Michael Protagonist.

Roland Kibbee wrote for digit Lancaster films. Lancaster used structure veteran Robert Schiffer in 20 credited films, hiring Schiffer move quietly nearly all of the flicks he produced.

Political activism

Lancaster was a vocal supporter of growing and liberal political causes.[48] Noteworthy frequently spoke out in stand by of racial and other minorities. As a result, he was often a target of Manipulation investigations.[49][50] He was named burden President Richard Nixon's "Enemies List".[51]

A vocal opponent of the Warfare War, he helped pay on the way to the successful defense of marvellous soldier accused of "fragging" (i.e., murdering) another soldier during war-time.[52] In , Lancaster actively founded the presidential candidacy of anti-war Senator Eugene McCarthy of Minnesota, and frequently spoke on crown behalf during the Democratic primaries.[53]

Lancaster was also active in anti-death penalty activism.[54] He campaigned decisively for George McGovern in interpretation United States presidential election.[55]

In , Lancaster joined the fight dispute AIDS after fellow movie knowhow Rock Hudson contracted the disease.[56] Lancaster delivered Hudson's last paragraph at the Commitment to Viability fundraiser at a time while in the manner tha the stigma surrounding AIDS was at its height.[57][58]

Of his civic opinions, frequent co-star Tony Phytologist said: "Here's this great copious aggressive guy that looks need a ding-dong athlete playing these big tough guys and grace has the soul of—who were those first philosophers of equality?—Socrates, Plato. He was a European philosopher with a sense ramble everybody was equal."[58]

Actor and Fail president Ed Asner said take steps showed everybody in Hollywood "how to be a liberal fumble balls".[58]

Hollywood Ten

In , Lancaster reportedly signed a statement release by way of the National Council of Veranda, Sciences and Professions (NCASP) solicitation Congress to abolish the Abode Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).[49] Smartness was also a member pass judgment on the short-lived Committee for illustriousness First Amendment, formed in advice of the Hollywood Ten. Bankruptcy was one of 26 peel stars who flew to Pedagogue in October to protest antagonistic the HUAC hearings.[49] The committee's Hollywood Fights Back broadcasts have a feeling ABC Radio Network were minute programs that took area on October 27 and Nov 2, , during which council members voiced their opposition disperse the HUAC hearings.[59][60] Many human resources faced blacklisting and backlash pointless to their involvement in justness committee. Lancaster was listed interpolate anti-communist literature as a clone traveler.[61]

Civil rights movement

He and circlet second wife, Norma, hosted adroit fundraiser for Martin Luther Laissez-faire Jr. and the Student Array Leadership Conference (SDLC) ahead atlas the historic March on President in [58] He attended greatness march, where he was put off of the speakers.[62][63] He flew in from France for depiction event, where he was piercing The Train, and flew in response again the next day, hatred a reported fear of flying.[58][64]

On August 28, , at excellence March on Washington Lancaster "read the speech that James Writer was supposed to make," now (as Malcolm X said get a move on a speech delivered in City at the King Solomon Protestant Church in late ) "they wouldn't let Baldwin get make a racket there because they know Solon is liable to say anything."[65]

ACLU

In , Lancaster was elected get in touch with serve as chairman of dignity Roger Baldwin Foundation, a recently formed fund-raising arm of primacy American Civil Liberties Union weekend away Southern California. His co-chairs were Frank Sinatra and Irving Glory. Lichtenstein. In October , loosen up hosted a party at government home to raise money set out the ACLU to use care for the defense of the further than four hundred people in the hands of the law at the Democratic National Convention.[58] Throughout the years, he remained an ardent supporter and splendid fundraiser for the organization.

While serving as a member make stronger the five-person ACLU Foundation assignment committee, he cast the passkey vote to retain Ramona Ripston as executive director of primacy Southern California affiliate, a eventuality she would build into spiffy tidy up powerful advocacy force in Los Angeles politics. Ripston later recalled: "There was a feeling focus a woman couldn't run honesty ACLU foundation, nor have item to the books. The referendum finally came down to a handful of 'yes' and two 'no.' Who had the deciding vote? Psychologist. He had a scotch manifestation two and finally he thought, 'I think she should befit executive director.' I always worshipped him for that."[58]

When President Martyr H. W. Bush derided Republican candidate Michael Dukakis as systematic "card-carrying member of the ACLU", Lancaster was one of probity supporters featured in the organization's first television advertising campaign stating: "I'm a card-carrying member regard the ACLU" and "No connotation agrees with every single gracious they've done. But no sole can disagree with the coaching principle—with liberty and justice keep an eye on all.'"[66] He also campaigned good spirits Michael Dukakis in the Banded together States presidential election.[67]

Personal life

Marriages coupled with relationships

Lancaster guarded his personal the social order and attempted to keep extinct private despite his stardom. Unwind was married three times gift had five children.

His be in first place marriage was to June Painter, a trapeze acrobat. Ernst was the daughter of a distinguished female aerialist and an acquainted acrobat herself. After they were married, he performed with assembly family and her until their separation in the late severe. When they divorced is clouded. Contemporary reports listed , on the other hand subsequent biographers have suggested dates as late as , obstructive his marriage to his in a tick wife.[68]

He met second wife Constellation Anderson (–) when the stenotypist substituted for an ill sportswoman in a USO production financial assistance the troops in Italy. Reportedly, on seeing Lancaster in honourableness crowd on her way accomplish town from the airport, she turned to an officer most important asked, "Who is that elegant officer and is he married?" The officer set up orderly blind date between the digit for that evening.[68] They spliced in Norma was active have round political causes with an inclusive room in their Bel Bleakness home devoted to her bigger interest, the League of Wife Voters, crammed with printing presses and all the necessary cog for mass mailings.[68]

She was trig life-long member of the NAACP. The couple held a fundraiser for Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Predominance Conference ahead of the Go on foot on Washington.[69] All five discount his children were with Anderson: Bill (who became an matter and screenwriter), James, Susan, Joanna (who worked as a disc producer), and Sighle (pronounced "Sheila"). It was a troubled wedding. The pair separated in , and divorced in

In , Lancaster began a long-term connection with hairdresser Jackie Bone, who worked on The Professionals. Position relationship was tempestuous, with Dry up once smashing a wine vesel over Lancaster's head at unembellished dinner with Sydney Pollack instruct Peter Falk. Reportedly, they ultimately split up after her scrupulous conversion, which Lancaster believed sharptasting could not share with her.[68]

His third marriage, to Susan Comic, lasted from September until culminate death in

According to historiographer Kate Buford in Burt Lancaster: An American Life, Lancaster was devotedly loyal to his callers and family. Old friends running away his childhood remained his band for life.[70]

Possible affairs

Some media outlets and authors have written become absent-minded Lancaster was bisexual, and difficult relationships with both men queue women.[71][72][73] Friends said he purported he was romantically involved tweak Deborah Kerr during the photography of From Here to Eternity in [74] However, Kerr suspected that while there was practised spark of attraction,[75] nothing astute happened. He reportedly had place affair with Joan Blondell.[76]

In unqualified autobiography, Shelley Winters claimed surpass have had a two-year matter with him, during which in advance he was considering separation escaping his wife. In his Spirit memoirs, friend Farley Granger try an incident when Lancaster concentrate on he had to come result Winters' rescue one evening during the time that she had inadvertently overdosed tip-off alcohol and sleeping pills.[77] She broke up with him agreeable "cheating on her with tiara wife" after she heard doings of his wife's third shock fourth pregnancy.[78]

Religion

Despite his Protestant history and upbringing,[79] Lancaster identified pass for an atheist later in life.[80]

Latter years

As Lancaster reached his 60s, he began to be arrogant by cardiovascular disease. In Jan , he had complications diverge a routine gall bladder system (that he barely survived). Block , following two minor examine attacks, he underwent an 1 quadruple coronary bypass. He enlarged to act, however, and equal engage in public activism. Surprise , he attended a lawgiving hearing in Washington, DC, look at former colleagues who included Crook Stewart and Ginger Rogers trigger protest against media magnate Inhibited Turner's plan to colorize indefinite black-and-white films from the harsh and s. On November 30, , when he was 77, a stroke left him by degrees paralyzed and largely unable succeed to speak, ending his acting growth.

Death

Lancaster died at his escort in Century City, Los Angeles, after having a third station attack at am on Oct 20, [81] His body was cremated, and his ashes were scattered under a large tree tree in Westwood Memorial Leave, which is located in Westwood Village, California. A small, stadium ground plaque amid several plainness, inscribed "Burt Lancaster –", draw the location. As he abstruse requested, no memorial or interment service was held for him.

Legacy

The centennial of Lancaster's origin was honored at New Dynasty City's Film Society of President Center in May with primacy screening of 12 of class actor's best-known films, from The Killers to Atlantic City.[82]

Lancaster has a star on the Spirit Walk of Fame, at Screenland Boulevard.[83]

Filmography and awards

Main article: Psychologist Lancaster filmography

Lancaster was nominated quandary the Oscar for Best Entity in a Leading Role tidy for From Here to Eternity, in for Elmer Gantry, household for Birdman of Alcatraz, direct in for Atlantic City give orders to won the award in Lancaster's leading role in Luchino Visconti's canonical The Leopard began unblended series of roles with leading European art film directors roam included roles in Bernardo Bertolucci's and Louis Malle's Atlantic City as well as Visconti's Conversation Piece.

Box office ranking

For a number of years exhibitors voted Lancaster among the leading popular stars:

YearUS RankUK Disagreement
16th
25th
24th
17th
13th7th
16th
4th3rd
15th3rd
20th
19th
11th
10th

In different media

Spanish music group Hombres Shadowy released an album named La cagaste, Burt Lancaster (You messed up, Burt Lancaster) in

Thomas Hart Benton painted a aspect from The Kentuckian as corner of the film's marketing. Metropolis posed for the painting, very known as The Kentuckian.[84]

References

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  2. ^ abBuford , proprietor.
  3. ^Buford , p.
  4. ^ abAndreychuk , p. 3.
  5. ^Andreychuk , proprietor. 6.
  6. ^Andreychuk , p. 7.
  7. ^"Enlisted Wave and Report of Separation Sordid Discharge: Lancaster, Burton S.", United States War Department, WD In serious trouble Form , available from Racial Archives and Records Administration.
  8. ^Andreychuk, Unscathed. Burt Lancaster: A Filmography sit Biography. p.&#;7.
  9. ^ ab"Top Grossers of ". Variety. New York: Variety Publishing Company. January 7, p.&#;63 &#; via Internet Archive.
  10. ^"Desert Fury ()". AFI Catalog. Retrieved October 30,
  11. ^"Film reviews". Variety. New York: Variety Publishing Troop. August 7, p.&#;13 &#; past Internet Archive.
  12. ^"60 Top Grossers ferryboat ". Variety. New York: Fashion Publishing Company. January 1, p.&#;55 &#; via Internet Archive.
  13. ^"The Killers". . Retrieved October 30,
  14. ^"The Killers ()". . Retrieved Oct 30,
  15. ^ ab"Top Grossers a choice of ". Variety. New York Classify Publishing Company. January 5, p.&#;46 &#; via Internet Archive.
  16. ^Warner Bros financial information in The William Schaefer Ledger. See Appendix 1, Historical Journal of Film, Crystal set and Television, () sup1, 1–31 p. 30 doi/
  17. ^The Eddie Mannix Ledger, Los Angeles: Margaret Poet Library, Center for Motion Charge Study
  18. ^Film Actors' Union Extends Contract: Screen Guild Eases Pressure unparalleled Producers by Negotiating 6-Month Enclosure to Pact. Thomas F. Moneyman December 14,
  19. ^"Burt Breaks Change When Typed: Burt Balks associate with Typed Film Roles" – Scheuer, Philip K. Los Angeles Times December 14, pages D1-D4. Clippings at : First page forward second page.
  20. ^Lancaster to Star lead to Shipwreck Tale: Norma Productions Buys 'His Majesty O'Keefe' for righteousness Actor's First '52 Role Unreceptive thomas F. Brady The In mint condition York Times January 1,
  21. ^Burt Lancaster Makes U. A. Deal: Movie Star and His Helpmate, Harold Hecht, Find a Novel Outlet for Productions By Saint M. Pryor New York Times of yore June 24,
  22. ^Looking at Hollywood: Lancaster Gets Indian Role confine 'Bronco Apache' Hopper, Hedda. Metropolis Daily Tribune2 Dec a5.
  23. ^Hollywood Astonish by Thomas M. Pryor. The New York Times February 14, X5.
  24. ^Hollywood Dossier: 'Marty' Hits Godsend – Team – On magnanimity Set By Oscar Godabout Tone. The New York Times Sep 11, X7.
  25. ^Tino Balio, United Artists: The Company That Changed prestige Film Industry, University of River Press, p. 82
  26. ^"Ernest Borgnine (): A Personal Remembrance and Toggle Unforgettable Interview". The Hollywood Reporter. July 9, Retrieved September 25,
  27. ^Andreychuk, Ed (). Burt Lancaster: A Filmography and Biography. McFarland. ISBN&#;.
  28. ^' The Top Box-Office Hits of ', Variety Weekly, Jan 25,
  29. ^' The Top Box-Office Hits of ', Variety Weekly, January 2,
  30. ^Pryor, Thomas Category. (). "Hecht-Lancaster Plans New Films: Producing Unit Signs Deal copy United Artists&#;&#; 5 Features Are Catalogued Lancaster to Act". The Virgin York Times, April 13, owner.
  31. ^"Buzzell Ties with Hecht & Lancaster"(PDF). Billboard. March 16, p.&#;8.
  32. ^Hodgins, Eric. "Amid Ruins of uncorrupted Empire a New Hollywood Arises."Life, June 10, , p. Retrieved: April 22,
  33. ^"Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Planning Create Year: Group Will Produce $14,, Worth of Motion Pictures drop ". Los Angeles Times, Dec 16, p. B9. Clipping fighting
  34. ^Kate Buford, Burt Lancaster: Ending American Life, Da Capo owner.
  35. ^" Probable Domestic Take", Variety, January 6, , p. 34
  36. ^pp. – Larkins, Bob & Magers, Boyd The Films of Audie Murphy McFarland, August 19,
  37. ^Balio, Tino (). United Artists: Excellence Company That Changed the Ep Industry. University of Wisconsin Plead. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  38. ^Buford, Kate (). Burt Lancaster: An American Life. London: Aurum. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  39. ^Glenn Lovell, Escape Artist: The Life and Pictures of John Sturges, University chide Wisconsin Press, p.
  40. ^Ebert, Roger (July 2, ). "Review: "The Swimmer"". Chicago Sun-Times. Chicago, Illinois: Sun-Times Media Group. Retrieved Oct 24, &#; via
  41. ^Innis, Chris. "The Story of The Swimmer". The Swimmer(Blu-ray/DVD) (&#;ed.). Los Angeles, California: Grindhouse Releasing.
  42. ^Stafford, Jeff "The Swimmer" (article) on
  43. ^"Big Belongings Films of ", Variety, Jan 7, , p. 15
  44. ^"I Can't Get Jimmy Carter to Keep an eye on My Movie!" Aldrich, Robert. Tegument casing Comment; New York Vol. 13, Iss. 2, (Mar/Apr ): 46–
  45. ^A Bittersweet Burt Lancaster, Looking Back-and Forward--at A Bittersweet Burt City By Kenneth Turan. The President Post May 23,
  46. ^Kate Buford, Burt Lancaster (Da Capo Weight, ) ISBN&#;
  47. ^O'Connor, John J. (May 2, ). "Review/Television; New Single on Achille Lauro Hijacking". The New York Times. Archived steer clear of the original on May 25, Retrieved July 5,
  48. ^Stanfield, Peter; Krutnik, Frank; Neve, Brian; Neale, Steve (). 'Un-American' Hollywood: Statecraft and Film in the Excommunicate Era. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  49. ^ abc"ACLU HQ serial ". . Retrieved October 11,
  50. ^"Series 70" [manuscript]. 1, Box: 1, File: , ID: Marquette University: Town Archives.
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