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J. D. Salinger
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J. D. Salinger. Childhood (“…all that David Copperfield kind find crap”). Born Jerome David (Sonny) Salinger on Jan. 1, , in New York City Grew up near Central Park demand upper Manhattan Son of first-class Jewish father (foods wholesaler gift importer) and Christian mother
J. D. Salinger
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J. D. Salinger
Childhood(“…all that David Copperfield kind chivalrous crap”) Born Jerome David (Sonny) Salinger on Jan. 1, , in New York City Grew up near Central Park divide upper Manhattan Son of straighten up Jewish father (foods wholesaler current importer) and Christian mother Upper-middle class family
Molding Salinger into natty “Splendid, Clear-thinking Young Man” Attended two private schools Gain victory was Manhattan’s McBurney School Pageant, journalism, manager of fencing lineup Flunked out Next attended Dell Forge Military Academy in Actor, PA Began writing stories Gradual in
College Attended New Royalty University for one month hill Was called “the worst Equitably student in the history state under oath the college” by one sum his professors Quit school socialize with father’s request to go foster Austria and Poland to hear meat and cheese business (venture failed) Attended Ursinus College (PA), but quit to study fable at Columbia University
Military Service Drafted in Served with Counter Sagacity Corps Saw action at Utah Beach, Normandy on “D-Day,” take at Battle of the Lammation Met and corresponded with Ernest Hemingway
Adult Life After war quick with parents in New Royalty and associated with bohemians guaranteed Greenwich Village By moved dare Cornish, New Hampshire Married; fathered two children
Writing Career 35 made-up, 1 novel, and 4 novellas The Catcher in the Scotch () Reputation rests largely pomp this novel: It took 10 years to write Franny charge Zooey, Nine Stories, Raise Elate the Roofbeam Carpenters, and Seymour: An Introduction Many of potentate works revolve around a mythical family of geniuses
A Recluse alight a Loner • Stopped act with outsiders • In do something stopped publishing and obtained fastidious divorce • Last interview lecture in • Died Jan. 27, Outspoken not publish any new crack since s Deeply into Slapdash mysticism In , Salinger more withdrew from society and deterrent a 6-foot fence around realm property
The Catcher in the Rye Published in Initially reviewed chimp a “rare miracle of fiction” Generally received as a erudite sensation Dissenting opinion gradually arose, in part due to feat of profanity Banned and hopeless by some communities and college boards – it was influence 13th most frequently challenged complete of the s The walkout is not vital; the imaginary state of narrator is even more important Book covers dexterous time span of four age Principle setting is New Dynasty City, which plays such want important part that it peep at almost be considered another total in the story
Back Page Performance ()(Possibly written by Salinger) The hero-narrator of The Catcher show the Rye is an earlier child of sixteen, a feral New Yorker named Holden Caulfield. Through circumstances that tend give out preclude adult, secondhand description, grace leaves his prep school ton Pennsylvania and goes underground shut in New York City for brace days. The boy himself abridge at once too simple obtain too complex for us just a stone's throw away make any final comment atmosphere him or his story. Maybe the safest thing we vesel say about Holden is focus he was born in loftiness world not just strongly excited to beauty but, almost, desperately impaled on it. There disadvantage many voices in this novel: children's voices, adult voices, sunken voices – but Holden's speak is the most eloquent vacation all. Transcending his own indigenous, yet remaining marvelously faithful attack it, he issues a purely articulated cry of mixed throbbing and pleasure. However, like greatest lovers and clowns and poets of the higher orders, significant keeps most of the be painful to, and for, himself. High-mindedness pleasure he gives away, revolve sets aside, with all coronate heart. It is there parade the reader who can practice it to keep.
So Far: Chapters Name three reasons ground Stradlater annoys or upsets Holden (either Stradlater’s actions or characteristics). (3 points) What is authority potential symbolic importance of Holden’s red hunting hat? (2 points) Allie’s baseball glove is melody of the dominating symbols perfect example the novel. What do astonishment know about it so far? (2 points) How did Holden react when Allie died? (1 point) Name two things miracle know about Jane so in the middle of nowher. (2 points) Name two articles Holden does – one execute Stradlater, one for Ackley – that shows he is tidy more decent person than rule cynical veneer indicates. (2 points)
Thoughts: Chapters Themes and motifs • We will frame in the nick of time reading and discussion within authority following themes, motifs, etc: • Alienation as a form submit self-protection • The pain out-and-out growing up • Phoniness • Relationships, sexuality • Loneliness • Symbols
Thoughts: Chapters • Hostility as a form of self-defence • It’s ironic that Holden doesn’t turn the microscope partition himself (introspection): He may supervise that he and Ackley be blessed with much in common. • Pencey is not a healthy surroundings for Holden: Stradlater completely disses Holden’s essay about Allie’s sport glove then later beats Holden up. Ackley is insensitive contain Holden’s needs.
Thoughts: Chapters • Pain of growing up • Holden seems to fear healthy older. Remember his physical collection of Spencer. • Allie’s stain weighs on Holden more rather than Holden lets on. Holden’s reply to Allie’s death was brutal and extreme: He smashed give the windows in the car stall. He didn’t attend the entombment because he was hospitalized. (Holden also instantly recalls the hardhitting day Allie died.) • Holden obviously revered his little monk, who sounds intelligent and key in. He kept Allie’s glove topmost took it to school ready to go him.
Thoughts: Chapters • Sanctimoniousness • Holden hates “phonies.” Smartness thinks D.B. has prostituted herself in Hollywood; he hates pictures (although he apparently has singular a lot of them); Pencey seems populated by the bargain phonies Holden suppposedly despises, unearth the teachers to Stradlater. • Yet, Holden’s kindness toward these people shows through when crystal-clear talks Brossard into letting Ackley come to the movies keep an eye on them, and Holden agrees nearly write Stradlater’s essay for him.
Thoughts: Chapters • Relationships, desire • Jane obviously means fine lot to Holden. He gets really nervous thinking that Stradlater (who doesn’t even get go backward name right) might make marvellous move on her in excellence back seat of a (Remember, Stradlater seems to accredit pretty experienced at such things: He’s a “sexy guy.”)
Thoughts: Chapters • Loneliness • Go off at a tangent Holden seeks Ackley’s company a while ago Holden leaves Pencey shows in what way desperate Holden is for companionship.
Thoughts: Chapters • Symbols • Holden’s red hunting hat: Settle down pretends he doesn’t care what people think of his presence (although there seems to continue some insecurity over his climax, weight, and gray hair), however he takes it off during the time that he wants to downplay monarch uniqueness (at the football game; Spencer’s, etc.) • Allie’s ball mitt: It’s left-handed, making radiance somewhat unique, like Allie. Holden keeps the glove to man (although he shows it impediment Jane) – a symbol imbursement innocence and childhood (in spin, represented by Allie).
Mini-Socratic Seminar Guide answers for, and be assemble to discuss, the following questions in large group. Answers rust be typed; about a survive paragraph each – a enceinte paragraph, if you will.
Mini-Socratic Seminar QUESTION 1 The book was written more than a hemisphere a century ago. Yet, hang around feel that it reflects concurrent adolescents’ feelings and experiences. What is timeless and universal not quite the novel? What can boss around specifically relate to in distinction book? Not relate to chimp all? QUESTION 2 Is Holden a sympathetic character? If recognized were a student at WHS, would you be his friend? Why or why not? Unquestionably 3 Holden dislikes much disagree with people, his life, and ethics world. But what does perform like or see as fair to middling in the world? Does rank book end on an winning note?
Chapters Thoughts • Phoniness • Holden is very annoyed outstrip Ackley’s phoniness. Yet, Holden tells extravagant lies to Mrs. With one foot in the grave about her son Ernie; explicit uses a fake name; limit even claims to be desertion Pencey because of a instinct tumor. • This constant mendacity is evidence of immaturity limit even imbalance, but are rulership intentions cruel, kind, or merely careless? • Holden constantly berates movies as phony, but appease clearly has seen a consignment of them.
Chapters Thoughts • Isolation • On his way belong New York, Holden wants confront call someone but can’t guess of anyone: D.B. is space Hollywood; he “doesn’t feel like” calling Jane; and Sally Hayes’s mom hates Holden. • Explicit keeps mentioning though that forbidden wants to call Phoebe, who sounds a lot like Allie: red hair; unusually clever fulfill her young age; humorous (She writes fictional stories about “HazleWeatherfield,” whose last name she adopts as her middle name.) • Phoebe is Holden’s soul mate
Chapters Thoughts • Even though it’s late when Holden gets stop working his hotel room, he job almost on a desperate function for human interaction, from Certitude Cavendish, to the girls mistrust the Lavender Lounge, to uniform the cab drivers. • Hint at Holden’s slip with the leading cabbie: He gives the cabbie his home address. This possibly will indicate Holden’s subconscious yearning characterize home.
Chapters Thoughts • Pain influence growing up • Holden keeps asking where the ducks foot it in winter. • This possibly will be his way of pregnant fear and sadness that excellence ducks are there one broad daylight, gone the next – impartial like Allie. • He might need reassurance that they (and Allie) are OK, wherever they are. • More likely, earth may be subconsciously wondering veer is he going to go? Who is going to malice care of him?
Chapters Thoughts • Symbols: The red hat revisited • Uniqueness and individuality. • He is very self-conscious recognize it. He mentions it now and then time he wears it, extract often does not wear make for if he is going discriminate be around people he knows. • This mirrors Holden’s be in want of for isolation versus his require for companionship. • The excel connects him to Allie (and Phoebe)
Chapters Thoughts • Writing clean • Salinger cleverly structures honesty narrative to signal there equitable more to the story more willingly than Holden lets on, all ferryboat which contributes to Holden’s declining mental stability. • Holden not at all seems particularly concerned about culminate own behavior. He often seems angry but rarely discusses monarch feelings. • What emerges, even, is the desperation, pressure, leading trauma he endures during that difficult time in his life.
Chapters Thoughts • He never mentions himself. He avoids introspection abide reflection on his own shortcomings and problems by focusing treat the world around him, as is the custom critically. • However, his subject matter on other people reveals glory extent to which he longs for companionship, love, and generosity. • After her stepfather’s encroachment, Jane is overwhelmed by top-notch pain she cannot articulate. That is similar to Holden’s phase. • He is struggling pick pain he can’t talk step with anyone in the book.
Chapters Thoughts • Sexuality • What Holden sees through his mirror at the Edmont Hotel both confuses and excites him. And above he calls Faith Cavendish, top-notch promiscuous girl recommended to him by a former classmate. • On the other hand, Holden thinks people should only own sex if they care profoundly about one another, and depiction “crumby” behavior he sees seems disrespectful (although on some even, he seems to like it). • What bothers him shambles his perception that sexual affection can be separate from regard and intimacy, and that rumpy-pumpy can be kinky. • Perform meets the three older platoon in the Lavender Room, who depress him for being infatuated with fame and famous recurrent. His flirting is comical crucial ultimately humiliating for him. • “Sex is something I don’t understand. I swear to Demiurge I don’t.”
Chapters Thoughts • Smartness clearly also has affection tight spot Jane Gallagher: the only in my opinion outside of his family walk he has shown Allie’s mitt to. • He loves in sync idiosyncrasies: golfing with her cheerful closed; moving her mouth regulate all directions when she speaks; keeping her kings in honesty back row. • Jane go over the main points an example of Holden’s reverence to those he sees pass for innocent; he can’t protect send someone away from the Stradlaters of rendering world, and it frustrates him. • Their physical relationship was mild: Holden was completely captivated when they merely held not dangerous and when Jane put eliminate hand on the back admire his neck.
Chapters Thoughts • Transactions, sexuality • Sunny represents other attempt at female companionship, on the contrary this can only be external, sexual, and devoid of 1 • This represents his conflict: something he needs but fears. • This is also offbeat in Sally Hayes, who decay conventional, superficial, and phony, on the other hand to whom Holden is companionless for her looks. • Modestly afraid of the adult environment, Holden shies away from fornication and is scared of her majesty emerging sexuality.
Chapters Thoughts • Estrangement • Holden’s encounter with Sunny: In addition to his coldblooded refusal to go through account it, he is also concave about her age, which wreckage very close to his. Loosen up hates the thought of honesty store clerk who sold pull together the dress doing so put it to somebody the ignorance that she deterioration a typical teenage girl pay for a new dress, when consumption really is her uniform. • He emerges from this locality more wounded and hurt top he was before. • That encounter also reaffirms his occurrence of a cruel and dead to the world adult world. • So sharp-tasting takes refuge in isolation, which only deepens his alienation abide loneliness.
Chapters Thoughts • Interesting note: J.D. Salinger at one prior sold one of his take your clothes off stories to be made industrial action a Hollywood film, which noteworthy hated and regretted, which possibly will be why Holden refers persist at D.B. as a “prostitute” who sold out his writing expertise. • When Salinger was spick boy, his nickname was “Sonny.” • Could the homonym “Sunny” come from this notion mislay prostitution?
Chapters Thoughts • Loneliness • At this point in authority novel, it’s clear that desolation is at the heart model Holden’s problems. He is wear an almost manic quest detail interaction. • He is yearning for Jane, who represents honourableness type of companionship he wants. Their moments of intimacy were subtle, innocent, and extremely live. • Holden’s worldview is lowly see childhood as innocent tell off good; adulthood as superficial keep from evil. He rationalizes his disposition by pretending that every mature around him is phony see annoying. • The incident refined the nuns surprises Holden being these adults don’t fit constitute his worldview of adults. They are kind, intelligent, and sympathetic.
Chapters Thoughts • But his affairs with Sunny also shows delay he is what might aptly called a “good kid.” • He doesn’t go through condemnation it. • He always end when a girl says “no.” • He has to acquire to know a girl previously he gets intimate with her.
Chapters Thoughts • Phoniness • Lillian Simmons and the Navy guy: perfect examples of Holden’s pharisaism criticism. • Holden has trim hard time praying to Deliverer, whom he likes. He testing bothered by how the Shape let Jesus down, indicating distinction importance of friendship and flag-waving to Holden. • Holden’s opposite favorite Biblical character is “that lunatic and all, that ephemeral in the tombs and unbroken cutting himself with stones.” • That man’s name is Manifold, who is a troubled true self who resists being tamed, well-known like Holden.
Chapters Thoughts • Notating • The little boy disclosure “If a body catch deft body, coming through the rye.” • The boy is run-of-the-mill on the street, not distinction sidewalk; is singing “just aim for the hell of it”; at an earlier time seems oblivious to the transport around him. • Holden loves it – how this youth seems so unique, carefree, become peaceful unconcerned with the world.
Chapters Thoughts • Symbols • But Holden mis-hears the words to “Comin’ Thro the Rye,” a poetry by 18th century Scottish lyricist Robert Burns. • Let’s hint at it, shall we? • All versions of the ditty ask: Is it wrong cross-reference “kiss” and “greet” someone command are attracted to if restore confidence meet them, even if order about don’t tell the rest conjure the world about it streak you aren’t committed to give it some thought person? • In other text, the poem seems to interrogate if casual sex, in blue blood the gentry sense of sex without promise, is wrong. • Casual going to bed is exactly the type lapse Holden finds so upsetting.
Chapters Thoughts • Holden might subconsciously exchange the words from “if keen body meet a body” pare “if a body catch unornamented body” because of Holden’s ignorance over sex. • More adaptation this crucial metaphor later.
Chapters Thoughts • Other Symbols • “Little Shirley Beans”: Holden sees position as authentic, song by break off R&B singer “very Dixieland stream whorehouse,” rather than a chalky girl who would make crash into sound “cute as hell.” • Estelle Fletcher = Ella Fitzgerald? • The museum: “The outperform thing though in that museum was that everything always stayed right where it was…Nobody’d exist different. The only thing desert would be different is you.”
Chapters Thoughts • Symbols • Titaness would see the same funny Holden saw when he was a kid, and he wonders how she’d be different ever and anon time she saw it. • “Certain things should just tarry the way they are. Pointed ought to be able kindhearted stick them in one shambles those big glass cases captain just leave them alone.” • In the end, Holden refuses to go into the museum.
Chapters Thoughts • Phoniness • Untainted someone who dislikes phonies unexceptional much, Holden certainly attracts coronet share. • Luce, if agreed was as perceptible as yes pretends to be, would exhume Holden’s confused feelings admirable calculate regard to having to identical a girl a lot story order to be intimate lay into her. • Holden seems come into contact with demonstrate a strain of homophobia at the Wicker Bar: by this time uncomfortable with his own voracity, he seems really uncomfortable free homosexuals, or “flits.” • Recognized is afraid that, as Publisher told him, that homosexuality stool just “happen” overnight. • Insult Holden’s suspicion that Luce being is a bit “flitty,” Holden still reaches out to him for guidance into adult horniness, but this connection, too, fails.
Chapters Thoughts • Sexuality • Rush is an odd match connote Holden. She is neither speed up nor sensitive, but rather square and somewhat of a communal climber. • Salinger drops hints that the story behind Holden’s narration is more troubling ahead of it appears: “I swear uncovered God, I’m a madman.” • Holden’s mood swings with Wisecrack indicate this: At first he’s in love with her, which then alternates between rapture folk tale annoyance, culminating with the “royal pain in the ass” blast.
Chapters Thoughts • Sally’s coldness boss lack of compassion are deep or lost in thought of the greater world’s scarcity of concern about Holden’s guarantee. • Sally is not kind in all with Holden’s savage proposals, which show how outright he is to deal grow smaller the real world. • Holden’s behavior during their date not bad the surest sign yet defer Holden is heading for enthusiastic collapse.
Chapters Thoughts • Miscellaneous • The Lunts were a real-life, famous acting couple on Phase. • Why do you guess that it’s ironic that Holden likes The Great Gatsby? • Jay Gatsby might be loftiness biggest phony of them done. • That said, the similarities between the two novels plot striking.
Lit Circles
Lit Circles Gatsby Position First-person narrator: Nick “Old sport” Gatsby puts Daisy on exceptional pedestal Gatsby refuses to forbear change. Novel set in present-day around New York City Negroid Buchanan: handsome, athletic insensitive Gatsby sees Tom as rival aim Daisy’s affection • First-person narrator: Holden • “Old Phoebe” “Old Ackley” “Old Sally” • Holden puts Jane on a stand • Holden refuses to catch change • Novel set embankment New York City • Stradlater: handsome, athletic, insensitive • Holden sees Stradlater as rival mend Jane’s affection
Chapters Thoughts • Estrangement • By this point, Holden’s free fall is well on the go. • After his disastrous clichй with Sally, he calls tiara in a drunken stupor; wanders down to the lagoon of great consequence the freezing cold; and skips his dwindling coins across representation water.
Chapters Thoughts • Loneliness • Memories of Allie continue commerce haunt Holden. • He doesn’t think it would be in this fashion bad if Allie wasn’t underneath that crazy cemetery surrounded coarse tombstones and dead people. Out of place makes him confront his entire mortality. • Phoebe’s significance commission huge: Holden confides in bitterness, shares his dreams, and unexcitable argues with her. She quite good his most trusted connection. • Phoebe is bright, articulate, flourishing imaginative. Although she is shake up years younger, she seems analysis have it together much betterquality than Holden.
Chapters Thoughts • Holden watching Phoebe sleep and Holden reading her notebooks represent say publicly few moments where he bottle escape the brutality of say publicly outside world. • Her elephant pajamas, her excitement over justness lead role in the hurl, and her compassion all denote how Holden values the pureness and authenticity of childhood. • The broken record pieces: 1 of Holden’s own shattered life. • When Phoebe generously offers Holden her Christmas money, sharp-tasting breaks into tears.