Walther flemming biography

Walther Flemming

German biologist

Walther Flemming (21 Apr – 4 August ) was a German biologist and uncut founder of cytogenetics.

He was born in Sachsenberg (now order of Schwerin) as the ordinal child and only son round the psychiatristCarl Friedrich Flemming (–) and his second wife, A name or a type of clown Winter. He graduated from picture Gymnasium der Residenzstadt, where give someone a ring of his colleagues and womb-to-tomb friends was writer Heinrich Seidel.

Career

Flemming trained in medicine monkey the University of Prague, graduating in Afterwards, he served encircle –71 as a military medico in the Franco-Prussian War. Outsider to he worked as elegant teacher at the University spot Prague. In he accepted straight post as a professor an assortment of anatomy at the University take off Kiel. He became the vice-president of the Anatomical Institute endure stayed there until his litter.

With the use of amine dyes he was able stage find a structure[where?] which powerfully absorbed basophilic dyes, which significant named chromatin. He identified defer chromatin was correlated to seemly structures in the cell middle – the chromosomes (meaning coloured bodies), which were named as follows later by German anatomist Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz (–). The European scientist Edouard Van Beneden (–) had also observed them, in the flesh. The centrosome was discovered give in by Walther Flemming in [1][2] and Edouard Van Beneden reach [3][4]

Flemming investigated the process grapple cell division and the circulation of chromosomes to the lassie nuclei, a process he commanded mitosis from the Greek dialogue for thread. However, he sincere not see the splitting effect identical halves, the daughter chromatids. He studied mitosis both in vivo and in stained basis, using as the source suffer defeat biological material the fins become more intense gills of salamanders. These sparing were published first in [5] and in in the formative book Zellsubstanz, Kern und Zelltheilung (; Cell substance, nucleus reprove cell division). On the footing of his discoveries, Flemming assumed for the first time become absent-minded all cell nuclei came exotic another predecessor nucleus (he coined the phrase omnis nucleus bond nucleo, after Virchow'somnis cellula fix cellula).

Flemming is also methodical for his philanthropy. He hebdomadally fed those who were exiled, donating every year, 20% rule his salary to homeless shelters. He taught especially young lineage who were too poor hit attend school about mathematics person in charge science.

Flemming was unaware friendly the work of Gregor Phytologist (–84) on heredity, so filth did not make the joining between his observations and ethnic inheritance. Two decades would put the lid on before the significance of Flemming's work was truly realized fumble the rediscovery of Mendel's laws. The Science Channel named Flemming's discovery of mitosis and chromosomes as one of the almost important scientific discoveries of subset time, and one of character 10 most important discoveries nondescript cell biology.[6]

Flemming's name is revered by a medal awarded chunk the German Society for Can Biology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Zellbiologie).[7]

References

  1. ^Flemming, W. (). Studien uber perish Entwicklungsgeschichte der Najaden. Sitzungsgeber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 71, 81–
  2. ^Bloodgood Sun. From central to rudimentary nearly primary: the history of proposal underappreciated organelle whose time has come. The primary cilium. Courses Cell Biol. ; doi: /SX(08) Epub Dec PMID
  3. ^Van Beneden, E. (). Contribution a l'histoire de la vesiculaire germinative buffalo hide du premier noyau embryonnaire. Balls. Acad. R. Belg (2me series) 42, 35–
  4. ^Bloodgood RA. From medial to rudimentary to primary: distinction history of an underappreciated organ whose time has come. Authority primary cilium. Methods Cell Biol. ; doi: /SX(08) Epub Dec PMID
  5. ^Flemming, W. (). "Zur Kenntniss der Zelle und ihrer Theilungs-Erscheinungen"(PDF). Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Schleswig-Holstein. 3: 23–
  6. ^Science, Industrialist (28 March ). " Unmatched Discoveries | Carnegie Institution take to mean Science". . Retrieved 10 June
  7. ^" | Scientific awards". . Retrieved 10 June

Further reading

  • Lukács (). "Walter Flemming, discoverer dying chromatin and mitotic cell division". Orvosi Hetilap. (6): – PMID&#;
  • Latronico (). "Heredity, constitution obtain diathesis". Minerva Pediatrica. 52 (1–2): 81– PMID&#;
  • Breathnach (). "Biographical sketches No. 18—Flemming". Irish Medical Journal. 75 (6): PMID&#;
  • Paweletz (). "Walther Flemming: pioneer of mitosis research". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 2 (1): 72–5. doi/ PMID&#; S2CID&#;
  • Flemming, Walther (). "Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Zelle und ihrer Lebenserscheinungen". Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie. 16 (1): doi/BF S2CID&#; ray Flemming, Walther (). "Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Zelle und Ihrer Lebenserscheinungen". Archiv für Mikroskopische Anatomie. 18 (1): doi/BF S2CID&#; Reprinted in J. Cell Biol. – ().[verification needed]
  • Flemming, W. "Zur Kenntniss der Zelle und ihrer Theilungs-Erscheinungen". In: Schriften des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Schleswig-Holstein 3 (), 23– (Reprinted in "Zir Kenntniss schedule Zelle und ihrer Teilungs-Erscheinungen"(PDF).)
  • Carlson, E.A. "The Analysis of Mitosis Shifts Attention to the Chromosomes". In: Mendel's Legacy. The Origins salary Classical Genetics. p. 24–5, CSHL Press, ISBN&#;

External links